Early Intervention for Psychosis in Canada

نویسندگان

  • Marie Nolin
  • Ashok Malla
  • MBBS
  • FRCPC
  • Phil Tibbo
  • Amal Abdel-Baki
چکیده

Objective: Early intervention services (EIS) for psychosis have been developed in several countries, including Canada. There is some agreement about the program elements considered essential for improving the long-term outcomes for patients in the early phase of psychotic disorders. In the absence of national standards, the current state of EIS for psychosis in Canada needs to be examined in relation to expert recommendations currently available. Method: A detailed online benchmark survey was developed and administered to 11 Canadian academic EIS programs covering administrative, clinical, education, and research domains. In addition, an electronic database and Internet search was conducted to find existing guidelines for EIS. Survey results were then compared with the existing expert recommendations. Results: Most of the surveyed programs offer similar services, in line with published expert recommendations (i.e., easy and rapid access, intensive follow-up through case management with emphasis on patient engagement and continuity of care, and a range of integrated evidence-based psychosocial interventions). However, differences are observed among programs in admission and discharge criteria, services for patients at ultra high risk (UHR) for psychosis, patient to clinician ratios, accessibility of services, and existence of specific inpatient units. These seem to diverge from expert recommendations. Conclusions: Although Canadian programs are following most expert recommendations on clinical components of care, some programs lack administrative and organizational elements considered essential. Continued mentoring and networking of clinicians through organizations such as the Canadian Consortium for Early Intervention in Psychosis (CCEIP), as well as the development of a fidelity scale through further research, could possibly help programs attain and maintain the best standards of early intervention. However, simply making clinical guidelines available to care providers is not sufficient for changing practices; this will need to be accompanied by adequate funding and support from organizations and policy makers. Abrégé Objectif : Les services d’intervention précoce (SIP) pour la psychose se sont développés dans plusieurs pays incluant le Canada. Certains éléments sont considérés essentiels pour améliorer l’issue clinique du traitement dans les phases précoces 1 Department of Psychiatry, University of Montreal, Montréal, Québec 2 Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montréal, Québec 3 Prevention and Early Intervention Program for the Psychoses, Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Montréal, Québec 4 Department of Psychiatry, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia 5 Nova Scotia Early Psychosis Program, Halifax, Nova Scotia 6 Departments of Psychiatry and Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Western University, London, Ontario Corresponding Author: Amal Abdel-Baki, MD, FRCP(C), Clinique Jeunes Adultes Psychotiques, Centre hospitalier de l’Université de Montréal (CHUM), 1560 rue Sherbrooke E, Montreal, QC H2L 4M1. Email: [email protected] Canadian Psychiatric Association Association des psychiatres du Canada The Canadian Journal of Psychiatry / La Revue Canadienne de Psychiatrie 2016, Vol. 61(3) 186-194 a The Author(s) 2016 Reprints and permission: sagepub.com/journalsPermissions.nav DOI: 10.1177/0706743716632516 TheCJP.ca | LaRCP.ca des troubles psychotiques. En l’absence de guides de pratique nationaux, l’état actuel des SIP au Canada nécessite d’être examiné et comparé aux recommandations d’expert disponibles. Méthode : Un sondage détaillé a été élaboré et administré en ligne à 11 SIP universitaires canadiens. Le sondage couvrait les aspects administratifs et cliniques ainsi que la formation et la recherche. Une recherche sur les bases de données électroniques ainsi que sur Internet a été faite afin de repérer des guides de pratique existants pour les SIP. Les données recueillies lors du sondage ont été comparées aux recommandations d’expert existantes. Résultats : La plupart des programmes sondés offrent des services similaires, qui sont conformes aux principes fondamentaux de l’intervention précoce, i.e. un accès facile et rapide, un suivi intensif dont l’emphase est mise sur l’engagement du patient et la continuité des soins, ainsi qu’une gamme d’interventions biopsychosociales intégrées fondées sur des données probantes. Toutefois, des différences sont observées parmi les programmes en ce qui concerne les critères d’admission et de fin de suivi, les services offerts aux patients à ultra haut risque (UHR) de psychose, les ratios patients-clinicien, l’accessibilité des services et l’existence d’unités d’hospitalisation spécifiques. Ces éléments semblent diverger des recommandations d’expert. Conclusions : Bien que les programmes canadiens suivent la plupart des recommandations d’expert sur les composantes cliniques des soins, certains programmes n’ont pas implanté des éléments administratifs et organisationnels jugés essentiels. Le mentorat et le réseautage de cliniciens via des organisations telles que le Consortium canadien pour l’intervention précoce en psychose (CCIPP), ainsi que l’élaboration éventuelle d’une échelle de fidélité par le biais de recherches futures, pourraient aider les programmes à atteindre et maintenir les meilleurs standards pour les SIP. Cependant, le simple fait de présenter des guides de pratique aux cliniciens ne suffit pas à changer les pratiques; il est nécessaire que ce soit accompagné d’un financement adéquat et du soutien de la part des organisations et des décideurs.

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تاریخ انتشار 2016